Resolving the subgrid physics of galactic winds

Galactic winds are a necessary ingredient for all modern theories of galaxy evolution. They are driven by end points of stellar evolution and the energetic response of supermassive black holes. Galactic winds play critical roles in regulating mass growth of stars, redistribution of chemicals in the Universe, quenching galaxies and populating the circumgalactic medium with baryonic material. It is indeed difficult to find an area of astrophysics that are not touched by winds. There is, however, no consensus theory that explains the properties of winds. I will present a series of observations using optical and radio telescopes that are designed to probe and test theories of winds. This is an exciting time for studies of outflows. I will show that current and future instrumentation is able to probe direct images of the circumgalactic medium, build samples of physical properties of outflows, and probe turbulence in small-scale filaments in the winds. These are designed to motivate new theories that more accurately describe this fundamental process in cosmic mass growth.