Australia is a partner in the multi-national Gemini Observatory, which operates two of the world's most powerful telescopes: the twin Gemini telescopes in Hawaii and Chile.

The Australian Gemini Office (AusGO) is hosted by the Australian Astronomical Observatory and coordinates Australian use of Gemini facilities including the Gemini 8.1 metre telescopes, the Keck 10 metre and Subaru 8.2 metre telescopes in Hawaii (via a time exchange agreement with Gemini), and the Magellan 6.5 metre telescopes in Chile. AusGO Australian Deputy Gemini Scientist Christopher Onken is based at RSAA. 

RSAA has also designed and built two instruments for the Gemini telescopes: the Near-Infrared Spectrometer (NIFS), which operates on Gemini North, and the Gemini South Adaptive Optics Imager (GSAOI).